Mangyshlak oxide and carbonate ore

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Location - Kazakhstan

Age (of protore) - Oligocene

Original size, oxide - 0.4 million tonnes of Mn

Original size, carbonate - 2.6 million tonnes of Mn

References

Tikhomarova, E.S., and Cherkasova, E.V., 1965, Trace-element distribution of the Mangyshlak manganese ore deposit. in Sapozhnikoiv, D.G., ed., Manganese Deposits of the Soviet Union. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. English translation, 1970, Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, p. 301-322.

Kuleshov, V.N., 2003, Isotopic composition (δ13C, δ18O) and the origin of manganese carbonate ores from the Early Oligocene Deposits, the Eastern Paratethys: Chemie der Erde, v. 63, p. 329-363.

major elements - trace elements - rare-earth elements - REE normalized - isotopes

Major Elements, oxide percent

 

 

 

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%
MnO
Fe2O3t
SiO2
Al203
CaO
MgO
K2O
Na2O
TiO2
P205
CO2

 

Average

 
oxide ore
30.9
4.4
0.24
1.12
carbonate ore
20.01
2.70
0.82
17.09
1.00
0.17
0.37
24.3
Oxide Ores      
1 Black-brown, lumpy 25.9 3.6
1.0
2 Brown-black, ferruginous lumpy 10.0 9.1 0.009 1.6
3 Dark-gray, lumpy 24.4 2.1 0.009 3.4
4 Dark-blue, lumpy 50.7 8.3 0.030 0.3
5 Blue-gray, amygdaloidal, lumpy 55.4 3.7 0.2
6 Blue-gray, amygdaloidal, lumpy 50.1 4.5 0.3
7 Dark-brown, amygdaloidal, lumpy 15.0 8.3 0.458 0.3
8 Black, amygdaloidal, lumpy 15.1 3.5 0.160 2.7
9 Dark-blue, coarse nodular 29.8 2.2 0.0
10 Dark-brown, coarse nodular - peripheral part 16.6 4.3 0.009 0.1
11 Dark-brown, coarse nodular - peripheral part 19.2 4.7 0.073 3.2
12 Blue-gray, nodular - central part 51.1 2.6 0.4
13 Brown-black, nodular - external crust 38.5 2.5 1.6
14 Black nodular - central part 43.9 2.6 0.046 0.3
15 Steel-gray, nodular - inner part 58.1 2.0 0.4
16 Black-blue, nodular 60.5 3.9 1.4
17 Brown -black, coarse nodular 29.7 3.7 0.046 0.0
18 Blue-gray, coarse nodular 27.9 3.7 0.206 0.1
19 Brown-black, coarse nodular 19.9 4.0 0.115 0.3
20 Blue-gray, pseudopsilitic 24.8 3.7 0.206 0.5
21 Black nodular 9.3 3.4 2.086 0.7
22 Brown-black, nodular 46.4 2.4 0.046 0.1
23 Yellow-brown cement 5.0 11.6 0.367 0.5
24 Black earthy ore 14.4 4.1 0.046 7.7
Carbonate Ores                      
25 Lumpy nodular
1.771
2.48
17.09
0.33
29.0
26 Lumpy nodular, oolitic
1.377
1.64
15.98
0.33
29.0
27 Lumpy nodular, oolitic
3.117
0.28
6.72
0.44
bd
26.3
28 Lumpy nodular
0.818
0.42
15.52
0.47
0.04
25.3
29 Lumpy nodular, cloddy
0.29
2.709
bd
14.52
0.97
0.05
26.1
30 Lumpy nodular, cloddy
0.14
3.615
bd
14.89
0.77
bd
29.7
31 Lumpy nodular, cloddy
0.29
2.714
bd
15.07
1.16
0.11
25.7
32 Lumpy nodular
2.707
0.59
33.82
3.18
31.9
33 Lumpy nodular
1.527
0.65
31.74
3.6
30.1
34 Lumpy nodular, amygdaloidal
0.979
0.28
13.41
0.24
0.02
27.9
35 Lumpy nodular, amygdaloidal
1.934
0.63
9.46
0.87
bd
29.0
36 Lumpy nodular
1.199
0.95
6.07
0.16
0.67
20.7
37 Lumpy nodular
0.77
9.416
0.32
27.92
0.43
bd
27.0
38 Amygdaloidal
20.1
2.90
0.16
22.1
39 Massive
21.9
3.29
0.14
20.5
40 Oolitic structure
29.0
2.03
0.12
0.21
41 Massive
28.0
5.65
0.19
25.0
42 Massive
20.9
2.53
0.23
3.87
24.5
43 Lumpy
23.9
5.65
0.25
0.11
6.4
44 Massive, inner part
28.9
1.63
0.12
0.01
31.3
45 marginal part
20.6
1.87
0.15
0.06
25.5
46 Amygdaloidal
19.5
2.33
0.16
21.9
47
22.2
1.94
0.32
23.4
48 Massive
29.1
2.80
0.09
25.1
49
26.7
2.03
0.16
0.44
20.3
50 Oxidized part
26.3
0.9
51 inner part
33.5
2.43
0.14
0.08
28.6
52 slightly oxidized
27.5
1.83
0.14
0.04
21.8

 

Trace elements, ppm

 

 

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

 
As
Ba
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Mo
Nb
Ni
Pb
Rb
Sc
Sr
Th
U
V
Y
Zn
Zr
avg oxide       71 22 59     162             91      
avg carb       6 18 17     40             46      
Oxide ores                                  
1
    140 12 50     137             89      
2     
    20 16 58     145             106      
3
    16 26     38             44      
4
    20 37 43     125             112      
5
    30 2 116     346             89      
6
    50 3 116     280             106      
7
    120 29 66     306             78      
8     
    18 35 37     68             22      
9
    20 40     119             44      
10     
                         
11
                         
12
                         
13
    140 7 43     245             64      
14     
    180 44 43     173             89      
15
    70 12 100     316             89      
16
                         
17
    20 14 33     153             67      
18
    110 22 76     141             146      
19
    20 36 20     98             90      
20
    8 38 30     50             101      
21
    80 22 100     73             179      
22
    80 17 106     235             78      
23
    12 16     104             67      
24
    160 50 66     95             157      
Carbonate ores                                  
25
                         
26
                         
27
                         
28
                         
29
                         
30
                         
31
                            
32
                            
33
                            
34
                            
35
                            
36
                            
37
                            
38
      
10
27
25
46
56
      
39
      
     
40
      
bd
14
16
22
53
      
41
      
27
9
40
32
      
42
      
6
18
25
42
45
      
43
      
4
29
25
92
54
      
44
      
12
12
20
44
      
45
      
4
18
6
42
56
      
46
      
     
47
      
     
48
      
8
20
17
30
22
      
49
      
bd
23
13
27
23
      
50
      
4
1
36
66
11
      
51
      
bd
16
3
14
68
      
52
      
4
16
12
44
83
      

blank or nr = not reported; bd = below detection

 

Rare-earth elements, ppm

 
Sample
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy 
Ho 
Er 
Tm 
Yb
Lu
avg                            
1                            

 

Rare-earth elements,

normalized to chondritic values of Taylor & McLennan (1992)
Sample
LaN
CeN
PrN
NdN
SmN
EuN
GdN
TbN
YbN
Ce/Ce*
Eu/Eu*
LaN/YbN
Ce/Ce* @Al=0
Eu/Eu* @Al=0
LaN/YbN @Al=0
avg                              
1                              

Isotopes

            
Sample
Texture
Mineralogy
Ca - rich carbonates
Mn - rich carbonates
      δ13C,  ‰  δ18O, ‰ δ13C,  ‰  δ18O, ‰
      PDB SMOW PDB SMOW
average    
0.38
24.13
-17.90
28.99
Manganese ore concretions and carbonate cores from zoned oxide-carbonate concretions, main deposit
1 Carbonate core  calcite
–1.9
15.8
2      Carbonate concretion  calcite
–5.6
18.9
3 Carbonate core  calcite
–7.8
27.8
4 Carbonate core  calcite
–8.7
19.8
5 Carbonate core  calcite
–9.1
22.6
6 Carbonate concretion (Mn-Ca)
–10.1
19.0
7 Carbonate concretion rhodochrosite
–6.9
27.4
8      Carbonate core  rhodochrosite
–11.9
22.0
9 Carbonate core  rhodochrosite
–16.2
26.0
10      Carbonate core rhodochrosite
–19.0
29.6
11 Carbonate core  rhodochrosite
–20.5
29.4
12 Carbonate core  rhodochrosite
–32.9
30.9
Manganese carbonate of ore-nodules from western pinch-out
13 Mn = 26.94
–5.1
30.2
–5.0
30.2
14      Ca = 14.05 Mn = 24.92
–5.5
30.3
–6.4
30.3
15
–5.9
28.7
–5.6
29.3
16
–6.1
30.2
–6.0
30.5
17 Ca = 13.1 Mn = 29.47
–6.5
30.4
–6.9
30.5
18
–6.9
27.3
–7.0
30.1
19 Ca = 12.49 Mn = 32.9
–7.2
31.2
–7.1
30.6
Dispersed carbonate in terrigenous sediments from pinch out zone of the ore body
20 Silty marl
0.0
27.1
21 Carbonate cement
–0.8
27.6
22 Carbonate nodules calcite
–4.2
26.5
23 Carbonate nodules calcite
–4.4
19.3
24 Carbonate concretion calcite
–8.4
27.4
25 Carbonate nodules calcite
–9.7
23.7
26 Carbonate concretion calcite
–9.9
27.9
27 Carbonate nodules rhodochrosite
–4.7
28 Carbonate nodules rhodochrosite
–7.5
28.8
29 Carbonate concretion rhodochrosite
–8.8
30 Carbonate concretion rhodochrosite
–14.5
27.6
Matrix manganese carbonate from the host rocks
31
–5.9
29.9
–4.6
26.2
32
–6.6
28.0
33
–6.7
29.3
34
–7.1
30.0
–6.8
31.3
35
–7.3
30.1
–4.9
28.5
36
–8.4
26.1
–7.2
28.4
37
–5.0
32.1
Calcite cement of rocks, including oxide concretions
38 Calcite 
-4%
–5.5
18.4
39 Calcitic silt
–5.7
19.0
40 Calcite 
-7%
–5.8
17.9
41 Calcitic silt
–6.4
18.0
42 Calcite 
-8%
–6.8
16.9
Calcitic concretions
43 Calcitic concretion  (CaCO3 – 35%)
–3.0
22.6
    
44 Calcitic concretion  (CaCO3 – 35%)
–3.9
19.6
    
45 Calcite
–5.2
19.0
    
46 Calcite
–5.4
19.3
    
47 Calcitic concretion  with Mn oxide
–5.6
18.9
    
48 Calcitic concretion  (CaCO3 – 35%)
–5.9
18.8
    
49 Calcitic concretion  (CaCO3 – 40%)
–6.9
16.6
    
50 Calcitic concretion  (CaCO3 – 28%)
–6.9
19.4
    
51 Calcitic concretion  (CaCO3 – 28%)
–7.0
17.7
    
52 Calcitic concretion  (CaCO3 – 30%)
–7.9
20.1
    
Calcite from terrigenous sediments and manganiferous rocks of the North-West ore deposit
53 Calcitic cement from manganiferous rock 
–4.0
20.3
    
54 Calcite from cement of supra-ore conglomerate
–4.3
20.8
    
55 Calcitic cement from manganiferous rock 
–4.4
18.7
    
Matrix carbonate from inter-ore- and sub-ore-beds, the Kuyuluss Suite
56 Mn = 0.30
1.20
30.4
    
57 Mn = 0.58
0.50
27.3
    
58 Mn = 0.20
0.00
27.1
    
59 Mn = 0.20
–0.1
24.8
    
60 Mn = 0.20
–0.3
24.2
    
61 Mn = 0.04
–0.8
27.6
    
62 Mn = 0.30
–1.7
26.4
    
Sub-ore-limestone (Eocene)
63   Mn = 0.20
2.20
29.7
    
64   Mn = 0.40
1.80
30.4
    
65   Mn = 0.39
1.40
27.9